190 research outputs found
Generalized residual vector quantization for large scale data
Vector quantization is an essential tool for tasks involving large scale
data, for example, large scale similarity search, which is crucial for
content-based information retrieval and analysis. In this paper, we propose a
novel vector quantization framework that iteratively minimizes quantization
error. First, we provide a detailed review on a relevant vector quantization
method named \textit{residual vector quantization} (RVQ). Next, we propose
\textit{generalized residual vector quantization} (GRVQ) to further improve
over RVQ. Many vector quantization methods can be viewed as the special cases
of our proposed framework. We evaluate GRVQ on several large scale benchmark
datasets for large scale search, classification and object retrieval. We
compared GRVQ with existing methods in detail. Extensive experiments
demonstrate our GRVQ framework substantially outperforms existing methods in
term of quantization accuracy and computation efficiency.Comment: published on International Conference on Multimedia and Expo 201
BILINGUALISM POLICY IN SINGAPORE ELITE SCHOOLS
The Singapore government has been promoting the mastery of the English language as well as the mother tongue since 1987 in the hope that Singaporeans can be fluent in both the working language and one related to their native roots. From then on, all Chinese schools are required to teach in the English language, and English is officially known as the first language of all students. This paper aims to study the policy’s background, specifically in the area of Mandarin, and find out whether this policy has managed to achieve its goals, how it has affected Singapore students’ language development in elite schools, how to improve the policy to benefit students in the future as well as provide some implications for enhancing Chinese teaching pedagogy.Keywords: Mother tongue,  the  English  Language,  elite school, Chinese teaching pedagogy
Bilingualism policy in Singapore elite schools
The Singapore government has been promoting the mastery of the English language as well as the mother tongue since 1987 in the hope that Singaporeans can be fluent in both the working language and one related to their native roots. From then on, all Chinese schools are required to teach in the English language, and English is officially known as the first language of all students. This paper aims to study the policy’s background, specifically in the area of Mandarin, and find out whether this policy has managed to achieve its goals, how it has affected Singapore students’ language development in elite schools, how to improve the policy to benefit students in the future as well as provide some implications for enhancing Chinese teaching pedagogy
MBrain: A Multi-channel Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Brain Signals
Brain signals are important quantitative data for understanding physiological
activities and diseases of human brain. Most existing studies pay attention to
supervised learning methods, which, however, require high-cost clinical labels.
In addition, the huge difference in the clinical patterns of brain signals
measured by invasive (e.g., SEEG) and non-invasive (e.g., EEG) methods leads to
the lack of a unified method. To handle the above issues, we propose to study
the self-supervised learning (SSL) framework for brain signals that can be
applied to pre-train either SEEG or EEG data. Intuitively, brain signals,
generated by the firing of neurons, are transmitted among different connecting
structures in human brain. Inspired by this, we propose MBrain to learn
implicit spatial and temporal correlations between different channels (i.e.,
contacts of the electrode, corresponding to different brain areas) as the
cornerstone for uniformly modeling different types of brain signals.
Specifically, we represent the spatial correlation by a graph structure, which
is built with proposed multi-channel CPC. We theoretically prove that
optimizing the goal of multi-channel CPC can lead to a better predictive
representation and apply the instantaneou-time-shift prediction task based on
it. Then we capture the temporal correlation by designing the
delayed-time-shift prediction task. Finally, replace-discriminative-learning
task is proposed to preserve the characteristics of each channel. Extensive
experiments of seizure detection on both EEG and SEEG large-scale real-world
datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms several state-of-the-art time
series SSL and unsupervised models, and has the ability to be deployed to
clinical practice
INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THE DIABETES DISTRESS AMONG CHINESE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Background: Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are required to have long-term treatment regimen and strict selfmanagement, which thus might lead to the Diabetes Distress (DD). Patients’ DD varies in different regions with different levels of medical conditions. For improving the treatment effect of the patients with the Type-2-Diabetes-Mellitus (T2DM), this study explores the influencing factors of the patients’ DD in the regions where the medical treatment are at low level.
Subjects and methods: In this study, 167 adult patients with T2DM were selected from the People’s Hospital of Jinhua city, an A-grade hospital of a small-mid-sized city in Eastern China. Based on these samples, the Diabetes Distress Scale with 17 items (DDS17) was adopted to measure the degree of patients’ DD, and then regression analyses were carried out to investigate the influencing factors for their DD.
Results: The T2DM patients with moderate and high levels of DD take up 54.5% of the samples investigated in this study. According to the Spearman correlation analysis, sleep time, physical exercise, diet control, treatment regimen, TG and HbA1c significantly affect the patients’ DD. Through the multivariate linear regression analysis, this study shows that (1) sleep time significantly influences the T2DM patients’ DD (????=-0.213, P=0.034); (2) sleep time also impacts emotional burden (????=-0.379, P=0.027); (3) physical exercise (????=-0.195, P=0.002), treatment regimen (????=0.158, P=0.026) and diet control (????=0.158, P=0.026) are the three major influencing factors for regimen-related distress.
Conclusion: In the small-mid-sized city where the treatment regimen is not highly advanced, to alleviate the T2DM patients’ DD, the medical staff should suggest the patients to improve sleep quality and exercise more, help them positively understand the insulin infusion therapy and take proper diet control
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